In Ayurveda, health is defined as follows:
“Sama dosha sama agnischa sama dhatu mala kriyaaha | Prasanna atma indriya manaha swastha iti abhidheeyate.”
This Sanskrit verse translates to:
“When all the tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), the digestive fire (Agni), the tissues of the body (Dhatus), and all excretory functions (Mala Kriya) are in a state of balance; when sensory and motor functions are fully operational; and when the mind and soul are in a state of bliss (Prasanna), only then is a person considered Swastha (healthy).”
Breakdown of the Definition Components:
1. Samadosha: This refers to the equilibrium of the three doshas:
- Vata: Represents air and movement; governs bodily functions related to movement and communication.
- Pitta: Represents fire; responsible for digestion, metabolism, and transformation of energy.
- Kapha: Represents water and earth; related to structure, stability, and lubrication in the body.
In Ayurveda, the balance of these doshas is crucial, akin to three brothers living harmoniously in a large family. Each dosha has distinct qualities, and their proper balance is essential for maintaining health.
2. Samagni: Refers to the digestive fire (Agni), which should be in an optimal state for proper digestion and assimilation of food. The state of Agni is critical because it influences the overall health of the body and the quality of the dhatus.
3. Samadhatu: Refers to the seven body tissues (Dhatus) which need to exist in equilibrium. Any imbalance in these tissues can have far-reaching implications on health. They are:
- Rasa (plasma),
- Rakta (blood),
- Mamsa (muscle),
- Meda (fat),
- Asthi (bone),
- Majja (marrow),
- Shukra (reproductive tissue)
4. Mala Kriya: Refers to the excretory functions of the body, including the proper elimination of waste products such as faeces, urine, sweat, etc. These bodily functions need to be efficient and balanced to maintain health.
5. Kriya: This emphasises the functions of all the aforementioned components. Each part of the body must perform its duties meticulously and properly to achieve a state of balance.
6. Prasanna Atma Indriya Manaha: The mind, soul, and senses should be in a state of bliss and harmony. Emotional and mental well-being is equally vital for physical health. Stress, anxiety, and emotional disturbances can disrupt the balance and lead to illness.
The Four Goals of Life (Purusharthas)
In Ayurveda, the broader context of health is woven into the fabric of life goals known as Purusharthas. The four goals are:
1. Dharma: Righteousness and ethical responsibility; living in accordance with moral and ethical principles.
2. Artha: Wealth or prosperity; the pursuit of material success and resources necessary for living.
3. Kama: Desire or pleasure; the pursuit of love, relationships, and aesthetic enjoyment.
4. Moksha: Evolution and liberation; the spiritual goal aimed at achieving enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
To achieve these goals, physical and mental health are essential. A person who is in a state of health (Swastha) can pursue Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha effectively, leading to a fulfilling and well-rounded life.
Recognition in Society
The human desire for recognition, honoru, wealth, and vitality further underscores the relationship between health and social status. A healthy individual is not only able to provide for themselves but also contributes positively to society, thereby enhancing their own sense of purpose and recognition.
Convergence with Modern Definitions of Health
The definition of health according to Ayurveda aligns in many aspects with the World Health Organization (WHO)‘s definition, which states health is “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Both perspectives emphasise the interconnectedness of physical health, mental clarity, and social functionality.
Conclusion
In conclusion, according to Ayurveda, true health encompasses a holistic view that integrates physical, mental, and emotional states. By maintaining a balance of the doshas, agni, dhatus, mala, and fulfilling the duties of each of these aspects, one achieves a state of being that facilitates the pursuit of life goals—ensuring a life of ease, recognition, and well-being.